1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the "Representation Act".

2. Communities of interest preserved in redistricting

(a) State requirements -

(1) Identification of communities of interest - Prior to any congressional redistricting conducted by a State, the entity responsible for developing congressional redistricting plans in the State shall—

(A) identify and document communities of interest within such State, which may be provided in accordance with State law;

(B) accept and publish each proposed community of interest submitted by a resident of such State; and

(C) consider adding each such proposed community of interest to the communities of interest documented under

subparagraph (A)

.

(2) Prohibition on division of communities of interest - A congressional redistricting conducted by a State may not divide a community of interest documented under

paragraph (1)(A)

into multiple congressional districts unless such division is necessary—

(A) to ensure that congressional districts in such State have substantially equal populations as required by law;

(B) to comply with the requirements of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.); or

(C) to preserve another community of interest in a single congressional district.

(3) Publication of information - Not later than the date a congressional redistricting plan in a State is finalized, the entity responsible for developing congressional redistricting plans in the State shall make publically available—

(A) a written justification for any instance where a community of interest documented under

paragraph (1)(A)

is divided into multiple congressional districts;

(B) a description of the process used to consider adding proposed communities of interest under

paragraph (1)(C)

; and

(C) in the case that a community of interest documented under

paragraph (1)(A)

is divided into multiple congressional districts under

paragraph (2)(C)

, an explanation as to—

(i) why the division was required to preserve the other community of interest in a single congressional district; and

(ii) why the preserved community of interest was prioritized over the divided community of interest.

(b) Causes of action -

(1) Divided community of interest - An individual who resides in a community of interest documented under

subsection (a)(1)(A)

that has been divided into multiple congressional districts in a State may bring a claim against the State in any district court of the United States for enforcement of the prohibition in

subsection (a)(2).

(2) Failure to add proposed community of interest - An individual who resides in a proposed community of interest submitted under

subsection (a)(1)(B)

that has not been documented under

subsection (a)(1)(A)

in a State may bring a claim in any district court of the United States against the entity responsible for developing congressional redistricting plans in the State for—

(A) a declaratory judgment that such entity failed to consider such proposed community of interest as required in

subsection (a)(1)(C)

;

(B) an order requiring such entity to consider such proposed community of interest as required in

subsection (a)(1)(C)

; and

(C) if the proposed community of interest is not documented under

subsection (a)(1)(A)

following such consideration, an order requiring publication by such entity of a justification for the decision not to document such proposed community of interest.

(c) Assistance to States - The Election Assistance Commission shall develop and make available to States standards and tools for mapping communities of interest.

(d) Community of interest defined - In this section, a "community of interest" means a geographically connected population with shared cultural, historical, economic, or social characteristics, including language, education patterns, religious affiliation, or civic identity.